Focusing on the developmental aspect of the RHM, the main challenge has to do with access to the conceptual system when processing L2 words, which takes place mostly via the conceptual link in proficient bilinguals and via the lexical link (i.e., mediated by the activation of the L1 translation equivalent) in non-proficient bilinguals. However, it has increasingly been challenged by experimental results that do not fit into the model’s predictions, leading some authors to suggest that it should be left behind in favor of other computational models. The RHM has inspired a great deal of research and much evidence in its favor has accumulated (see for an overview). Hence, dependency on the lexical route to access concepts from the L2 decreases in proficient bilinguals, who can directly access the conceptual system from their L2. As proficiency in the L2 increases, the direct links between the L2 lexical forms and the shared conceptual system enhance their strength. For that reason, L2 words access their meaning by an indirect route, that is, when an L2 word is presented, it activates its translation equivalent in L1 through the lexical connection, which in turn activates the semantic representation. At the initial stages of L2 acquisition, the connections between the L2 and the conceptual system are very weak. The RHM posits that the strength of such connections and, consequently, the processing of words in the L2, vary as a function of proficiency. One of the main attractions of this model relies on its developmental nature. The model assumes the existence of two types of connections: lexical connections (i.e., between the L1 and L2 lexical systems) and conceptual connections (between each of the two lexical systems and the conceptual system). The lexicons are both connected, in turn, to a shared conceptual system. According to the RHM, there are two separated (but interconnected) lexicons, one for the first language (L1), and another for the second language (L2). A leading theory in the field, i.e., the revised hierarchical model (RHM, ) tries to explain how the lexical forms of words in the two languages are mapped to meaning. In recent years, the organization and access to bilingual memory has been a main topic of interest in psycholinguistics. These results, which are discussed in relation to the revised hierarchical model (RHM), suggest that activation of translation equivalents is a by-product of the type of task. In contrast, there were no effects of the formal manipulation in the primed lexical decision task. Form relatedness produced a behavioral interference effect only in the translation recognition task, which was accompanied by a modulation of the LPC component. The semantic manipulation also affected the N400 component. Semantic relatedness produced a behavioral interference effect in the translation recognition task and a facilitation effect in the primed lexical decision task. Semantic and form relationships between the first and the second words were examined. Participants performed a translation recognition task (Experiment 1) or a primed lexical decision task (Experiment 2) where the relationship between the first presented (Catalan) word and the second presented (Spanish) word was manipulated. $40 money order or cashier's check payable to Berro Property Management for the Application Fee per adult 7.This study investigates the extent to which highly proficient Spanish–Catalan bilinguals activate Spanish translation equivalents when they are presented with Catalan words. Credit FICO score of 690 or higher is recommended (IF APPROVED, anything lower may require an additional deposit) 6. Clear copies of a photo ID AND Social Security or ITIN AND proof of income (minimum of 3 most current pay stubs) 5. One year of verifiable employment and rental history with no evictions 4. Monthly family Income must be at least two and a half (2.5) times the monthly rent 3.
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